Optic disc with servo pattern and apparatus for accessing the optical disc

ABSTRACT

An optical disc having a plurality of information tracks, each information track having a servo field including a pair of wobbled pits and the clock pit. The distance between one of the wobbled pits and the clock pit in each servo field is selected so that the optical disc includes at least three different types of servo field. These different types of servo field appear in a predetermined sequence for every one or more contiguous information tracks. A transducing apparatus for tranducing such an optical disc has a direction detecting circuit for detecting the moving velocity of a movable portion of an optical head, and a speed detecting circuit for detecting the relative velocity of the movable portion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is generally directed to an optical disc and anapparatus for driving the optical disc, and more particularly, both toan improvement of a preformat system which is marked beforehand forservo on the optical disc and to an optical disc driving apparatussuited to this improved preformat system.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Turning to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a diagram of a track sectorformat of a conventional optical disc which is shown, for instance, in"Optical Mass Data Storage 2", appearing on p. 112, Vol. 695 (1986) ofthe journal "SPIE". It can be observed from FIG. 1 that each track 200per cycle is composed of 32 sectors (#0 through #31). A sector consistsof 43 blocks (B1 through B43). Each individual block is constituted by a2-byte servo field followed by a 16-byte data field. Hence, one track issplit into 1376 blocks which is given by: 32×43=1376. FIG. 2 shows pitpatterns of the servo field depicted in FIG. 1. Pits 201 and 203 arepositioned above and below the under the center axis of a track 206, andpits 202 and 203 are above and below the center axis of another track207. Pits 204 and 205 are clock pits. Tracking sensor signals can beobtained only from these pairs of wobbled pits. This type of servosystem is referred to as a sampled servo, the principle of which isdescribed, e.g., in "Third International Conference on Optical Mass DataStorage" appearing on p. 140, Vol. 529 (1985) of the journal "SPIE". Amore detailed description is therefore omitted here. In an optical discbased on such a conventional system, it is feasible to obtain thetracking sensor signals only from pairs of pits within the servo fields,thereby requiring that no guide groove be designed for tracking. Whenperforming accessing from one track to another at a high velocity,different servo field structures A and B, as described in FIG. 2, arealternately disposed for every 16 tracks. As a result, the amount oftrack-movement during accessing can be counted. In FIG. 2, the tracknumber is given by:

    I+(N-1)×16

where I=1, 2, 3, . . . 16. In the servo field structure A, N=1, 3, 5 . .. , and in the servo field structure B, N=2, 4, 6, . . . In the servofield structures A and B, the pits 201 and 202 of the two pairs of pitsdeviate in the track direction. In the case of effecting accessing whileobliquely traversing the track, the number of tracks traversed can beobtained by detecting the positions of the pits. This situation will beexplained by referring to FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, a multiplicity of centraltrack lines 208 depicted in lateral solid lines are arranged at aspacing of, for example, 1.5 μm. In connection with the servo fieldsindicated by vertical dotted lines 209, the structures A and B are, asshown at the right end in the figure, alternately arranged for every 16tracks. When providing a high-speed access, and assuming that a lightspot travels along a locus 210, the light spot comes to intersect theservo fields at the points 211. The servo field structure can thereforebe recognized from these points 211. Shown is one example of the thusrecognized signal waveform 212. A "high" level indicates the servo fieldstructure A, while a "low" level indicates the servo field structure B.Each time a state changes in signal waveform 212, it follows that 16tracks have been counted. It is possible to count the number of trackscrossed by the light spot on the basis of the signal waveform 212 duringthe accessing, enabling an optical head to immediately reach the targettrack.

On the other hand, as is obvious from FIG. 3, a defect inherent to thesampled servo system is caused in that it is not feasible to detectwhether the light spot is travelling toward the outer periphery or theinner periphery of the optical disc. The high-speed access involves theuse of a method of controlling the velocity by fetching a speeddetecting signal during the accessing of the optical head. This speedcontrolling method has more advantages than the well-known method ofcontrolling the velocity with a glass scale provided outside. Morespecifically, the advantages provided are that such a glass scale is notneeded, that miniaturization can be attained, and that a moderation inthe required mechanical precision is permitted. Where this speedcontrolling method is applied to the prior art optical disc, however, acritical defect is caused in that directional detection is not possible.The reason for this will be elucidated. If an access direction isinverted during speed control, this directional inversion cannot bedetected. Consequently, a control loop is put into a positive feedbackstate, resulting in runaway of the optical head. Such being the case,there is a possibility that the optical head will impinge upon a stopperprovided on the inner or outer peripheral portion of the optical discand will thereby be broken. Since the above-described conventionaltechnique employs the servo field structures which vary alternately forevery 16 tracks, assuming that the rotational frequency of the disc is1800 rpm, the number of tracks can be counted up to this high velocitygiven by: 16×track pitch (1.5 μm)/block cycle (1/30×1/1376 sec)=1.0m/sec. On the other hand, it is impossible to count the number of tracksif it is less than 16. For this reason, if the number of remainingtracks approximates to 16, there is no alternative but to employ one ofthe low speed track count techniques, this leading to a great obstacleto the desired reduction in access time. The low speed track counttechnique herein implies a method of counting the number of times thetracks are crossed on the basis of the tracking sensor signal of thesampled servo, where the maximum limit detection velocity is given by:track pitch/block cycle=61.9 mm/sec. When controlling the velocity byfetching a speed detecting signal from the optical disc during theaccessing of the optical head, the detection of the speed signal ispermitted when the optical head has travelled 16 tracks. Hence, the deadtime of the speed detector increases, thereby making the speed controlsystem unstable. In addition, broad band high speed control becomesimpractical.

The sampled servo system utilizes a servo clock for the purpose offorming a trigger pulse signal to sample the first and second wobbledpits, a byte clock for sectioning the byte unit for data demodulationand a main clock serving as the reference from a PLL circuitsynchronizing with the clock pits. In order to detect the clock pits,the distance (19-bit length) between the second wobbled pit 203 and theclock pits 204 and 205 is set longer than the maximum distance (18-bitlength) between pits in the data pattern. Thus, the pit detectedimmediately after the distance between two adjacent pits has exceededthe given value is identified as the clock pit, thus enabling detectionof the clock pits. Differential processing of reproduced signalstransmitted from the optical disc is a general practice for detectingclock pits. If data information pits consecutively exist on the innerportion of the optical disc as continuous bits, however, the opticalfrequency characteristics are poor and in some cases the reproducedpeaks are not separated. In this case, the continuous pits are detectedas an independent pit, and the distance between pits seeminglyincreases. Hence, if the apparent distance between pits in the datapattern exceeds 19 bits, it follows that an error in detection of theclock pits is created, and that the PLL does not normally function.Accordingly, the sampling of the sampled servo is not favourablyeffected, and the tracking servo does not work well. As a result, theoptical head runs in a disordered fashion towards the inner and outerperipheries of the disc, and the record/reproduction operation cannot beeffected properly. Furthermore, a problem arises in that if the clockpits are mistakenly detected during recording, and the synchronizationof the PLL fails, false recording will be carried out.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a general object of the present invention to eliminate and solvethe defects and problems inherent to the prior art optical disc.

It is one object of the present invention to provide an optical disccapable of detecting the moving direction of an optical head andincreasing the resolving power of track counting without decreasing themaximum possible velocity of the track count, and a driving apparatuscapable of controlling the moving velocity of the optical head inassociation with the optical disc of the present invention.

In one embodiment of the optical disc according to the presentinvention, each information track of the optical disc has a servo fieldincluding a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit. The optical discincludes at least three different types of servo field. These differenttypes of servo field appear in a predetermined sequence for every one ormore contiguous information tracks.

A driving apparatus for driving the optical disc of this firstembodiment comprises: direction detecting means for detecting both thetype of each servo field on the basis of a signal converted from a lightreflected from the optical disc and a change in the type of servo fieldand for detecting the moving direction of a movable portion of anoptical head from the sequence of changes in type; and speed detectingmeans for detecting the magnitude of relative velocity of the movableportion in the radial direction with respect to the optical disc on thebasis of the converted signal, whereby the velocity of the movableportion is controlled in response to output signals from the directiondetecting means and from the speed detecting means.

In another embodiment of the optical disc according to the presentinvention, each information track of the optical disc has a servo fieldhaving a pair of wobbled pits, a clock pit and at least one intermediatepit disposed between the wobbled pits. The optical disc includes atleast three different types of servo field. The position of theintermediate pits in any one of the at least three types of servo fieldis different from the remaining types. These different types of servofield appear in a predetermined sequence for every one or morecontiguous information tracks.

A driving apparatus for driving the optical disc of this secondembodiment comprises: direction detecting means for detecting thepositional relationships between the wobbled pits and the intermediatepits on the basis of a signal converted from a light reflected from theoptical disc and for detecting the moving direction of a movable portionof an optical head from the sequence of changes in positionalrelationship; and speed detecting means for detecting the magnitude ofrelative velocity of the movable portion in the radial direction withrespect to the optical disc on the basis of the converted signal,whereby the velocity of the movable portion is controlled in response tooutput signals from the direction detecting means and from the speeddetecting means.

With the optical disc constructed in the abovedescribed manner, it isfeasible to detect the direction in which the optical head moves duringthe accessing operation, prevent runaway of the optical head and furtheraugment the resolving power of the track count. Additionally, it is notonly possible to attain an accessing operation in which the velocity ofthe optical head is controlled by detecting the moving velocity anddirection of the optical head, but also to miniaturize the apparatus asa whole.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an optical disccapable of enhancing the reliability of detection of a clock pit in asimple manner without reducing the amount of user data, and an opticaldisc driving apparatus which enables a PLL circuit to stably function inassociation with such an optical disc.

In still another embodiment of the optical disc according to the presentinvention, each information track of the optical disc has a servo fieldincluding a first servo byte having a pair of wobbled pits and a secondservo byte having a clock pit. The byte length of at least one of thefirst and second servo bytes is different from that of other bytes.

A driving apparatus for driving the optical disc of this thirdembodiment comprises: photoelectric means for detecting and convertingthe amount of light reflected from the optical disc into an electricalsignal; clock extracting means for detecting the position of a clock piton the basis of the electrical signal from the photoelectric means; PLLcircuit means for synchronizing an output frequency therefrom with aclock signal obtained from the clock extracting means, whereby afrequency dividing ratio of the PLL circuit means is changed over inaccordance with a bit length of a byte.

The thus constructed optical disc permits an increase in the distancebetween one of the wobbled pits and the clock pit, thereby enhancing thereliability of detection of clock pits and simplifying the constitutionof the clock extracting circuit. The optical disc driving apparatus iscapable of obtaining a byte clock signal adjusted to irregularsectioning of the bytes of the optical disc.

These and other objects and features of the invention will become moreapparent after taking the following detailed description into accountwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a track sector format of a prior artoptical disc;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a pit pattern of theoptical disc depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an array of servo field structures of theoptical disc depicted in FIG. 1 and also a situation where a light spotscans the surface of the optical disc;

FIGS. 4 and 19 are diagrams illustrating pit patterns in a firstembodiment of an optical disc according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a driving apparatus for driving theoptical disc depicted in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a concrete example of a directiondetecting circuit in the optical disc driving apparatus of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory signal waveform diagram showing the operationof the optical disc driving apparatus of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8(a,b) is a diagram illustrating both an array of servo fieldstructures of the optical disc depicted in FIG. 4 and a situation wherethe light spot scans the surface of the optical disc;

FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams each showing output waveforms inrespective portions of the direction detecting circuit depicted in FIG.6 when the light spot scans, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the surface ofthe optical disc;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating one modified form of the pit patternsof FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the drivingapparatus for driving the optical disc of FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a concrete example of a variable frequencydividing circuit in the driving apparatus of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an explanatory signal waveform diagram showing the operationof the variable frequency dividing circuit depicted in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating pit patterns in a second embodiment ofthe optical disc according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the driving apparatus for driving theoptical disc depicted in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a concrete example of the directiondetecting circuit in the optical driving apparatus of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing waveforms reproduced when reproducing theservo fields having the pit patterns depicted in FIG. 14; and

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing one modified form of the pit patterns ofFIG. 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of pit patterns of the servo fields in oneembodiment of an optical disc in accordance with the present invention.As is obvious from FIG. 4, pits 1 and 5 are combined to form a pair ofwobbled pits; and pits 2 and 5 form another pair of wobbled pits. Thereare also two pairs of wobbled pits 3 and 5, and 4 and 5. The pits ofthese paris deviate slightly above and below track center axes 7, 8, 9and 10, respectively. The lefthand pits 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the respectivepairs of wobbled pits are positioned at different distances from therighthand pits 5 with a view to avoiding interference between the pits.The distance between the pits 5 and clock pits 6 defining theclock-reference for the information data is invariable. For instance,the wobbled pits 1, 2, 3 and 4 are, as illustrated in figure, positionedat the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th bits of the first servo byte #1, and eachwobbled pit 5 is positioned at the 10th bit of the servo byte #1 thusmaking the distance between the wobbled pits 4 and 5 four bits. Theclock pits 6 exist at the 12th bit of the second servo byte #2. In orderto enhance the reliability of detection of the clock pits, the distancebetween the wobbled pits 5 and the clock pits 6 is set at 20 bits. Forthis reason, the number of bits of the first servo byte is arranged tobe 18, while the number of bits of the second servo byte #2 and eachbyte of the data fields are respectively set at 15. The clock pits 6 aredisposed on the central axis of the respective tracks and serve both asthe clock-reference for the recorded information data and as thereference for the timing at which sampling pulses for the wobbled pitsare generated. The symbols a, b, c and d in FIG. 4 represent the timingposition for the wobbled pits 1, 2, 3 and 4 in reference to the clockpit 6. The symbols A, B, C and D indicate the servo field structureswherein the pits exist in the timing positions a, b, c and d. In FIG. 4,the track number is given by:

    I+(N-1)×4

where I=1, 2, 3, 4. In the case of th servo field structure A, N=1, 5,9, . . . ; in the structure B, N=2, 6, 10, . . . ; in the structure C,N=3, 7, 11, . . . ; and in the structure D, N=4, 8, 12 . . . Based onthese relationships, the sequence of an array of the servo fieldstructures may be indicated as: AAAABBBBCCCCDDDDAAAA . . . . The sameservo structure continues for four contiguous tracks, and 16 subsequenttracks constitute one cycle.

FIG. 5 shows one example of a driving apparatus for the optical disc ofFIG. 4. An optical head 12 is provided to record and reproduceinformation from the optical disc 11 depicted in FIG. 4. The informationreproduced from the optical disc 11 is detected by a photo detector 13and is then converted into an electric signal. The thus convertedelectric signal is further converted into a voltage signal by means of apre-amplifier 14. Subsequent to this step, the voltage signal issupplied to a speed detecting circuit 15. The speed detecting circuit 15serves to detect the magnitude of the velocity of the optical head 12moving in the radial direction with respect to the optical disc 11 onthe basis of the information which has been read from the optical disc11 and converted into the voltage signal. The information converted intothe voltage signal is also given to a direction detecting circuit 16,the information being utilized to detect the radial moving direction(toward the inner or outer periphery) of the optical head 12 withrespect to the optical disc 11. An output from the speed detectingcircuit 15 is supplied directly to one of the fixed contacts of a switch18 and at the same time supplied via an inverting amplifier 17 to theother one of the fixed contacts of the switch 18. The switch 18 selectseither an output signal of the speed detecting circuit 15 or an outputsignal of the inverting amplifier 17, depending on the polarity of anoutput from the direction detecting circuit 16. The output from theswitch 18 is transmitted to a speed controlling circuit 19 which servesto control the velocity of the optical head 12 to allow accessing to adesired track to be effected.

Turning to FIG. 6, a concrete sample of the direction detecting circuit16 is shown. In FIG. 6, a reproduced signal which has been reproducedfrom the optical disc 11 and converted into the voltage signal is inputfrom an input terminal 20 to four sample and hold circuits 21, 22, 23and 24, respectively. Control signals 26 to 29 for the individual sampleand hold circuits are sampling pulses provided in the timing position athrough d by a timing adjusting circuit 25 on the basis of the clocksignals input from an input terminal 30, e.g., clock signal generated bydetecting the aforementioned clock pits 6. The output signals of thesample and hold circuits are respectively compared with a referencevoltage Vref input from an input terminal 35 in comparators 31 through34 which produce output signals 36 through 39. The output signal 36 isapplied to a SET input of a flip-flop 47 and the output signal 38 isapplied to a RESET input thereof; and a Q-output 40 thereof and theoutput signal 37 are input to an AND gate 49. The Q-output of theflip-flop 47 and the output signal 39 are input to an AND gate 50. Theoutput signal 37 is applied to a SET input of a flip-flop 48 and theoutput signal 39 is applied to a RESET input thereof; and a Q-output 41thereof and the output signal 38 are input to an AND gate 51. TheQ-output of the flip-flop 48 and the output signal 36 are input to anAND gate 52. Output signals 42 to 45 of the respective AND gates 49 to52 are input to an OR gate 53, thereby forming a direction detectingsignal 46.

One embodiment of the optical disc driving apparatus according to thepresent invention will hereinafter be described with reference to FIGS.5 through 9.

FIG. 7 illustrates reproduced waveforms from the pits and a samplingsituation when reproducing information on the servo field structure A. Areproduced waveform 54 from the pit 1 is depicted with a solid line,while imaginary waveforms 55, 56 and 57 reproduced from other imaginarypits 2, 3 and 4 are indicated by broken lines. The reproduced waveforms54 are input from the input terminal 20 depicted in FIG. 6 to the sampleand hold circuits 21 through 24, where the reproduced waveforms 54 areto be sampled by the sampling pulses 58, 62, 63 and 64 in the timingposition a through d. A waveform 59 indicates an output waveform of thesample and hold circuit 21, and the peak value of the waveform 54 issampled by the sampling pulse 58. The resultant value is thereafterheld. Output waveforms 59 and 65 through 67 of the sample and holdcircuits 21 through 24 are compared with the reference voltage Vref(shown by a dotted line 60) by means of the comparators 31 through 34,respectively. The output signals 36 to 39 thereof are shown in the formof waveforms 61, 68, 69 and 70 in FIG. 7. Namely, the output signal 36assumes a "high" level, whereas other output signals 37 to 39 assume a"low" level during the period in which the light spot is travelling onthe servo field structure A. Similarly, in the case of the servo fieldstructure B the output signal 37 comes to the "high" level, in the servofield structure C, the output signal 38 reaches the "high" level, and inthe servo field structure D, the output signal 39 assumes the "high"level. In these cases the remaining output signals remain at the "low"level.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of the servo field structures of FIG. 4 thatare arrayed on the surface of the optical disc, and of a situation wherethe light spot scans the optical disc surface. As in the case of FIG. 3,horizontal solid lines 71 of FIG. 8(a) indicate a plurality of trackcenter axes arranged at a pitch of 1.5 μm, while vertical dotted lines72 show the positions of the servo fields. When the optical head effectsa high-speed access, the light spot moves along an oblique line 73. Thenumeral 74 designates a plurality of points at which the light spotintersects the servo fields. In FIG. 8, the servo field structures are,as illustrated at the right of the figure, so arranged as to repeat thepattern AAAABBBBCCCCDDDD. The light spot moves in the order of A→B→C→D.Waveforms 75 through 78 depicted in FIG. 8(b) are the waveforms of theoutput signals 36 through 39 of FIG. 6. It can be observed from FIG. 8that the "high" level appears in the output signals 36, 37, 38 and 39 insequence as the light spot moves. When the light spot traverses thetracks in the opposite direction, i.e., moves in the order of D→C→B→A,the "high" level appears in the output signals 39, 38, 37 and 36 insequence.

FIG. 9(a) shows signal waveforms when the light spot travels in the samedirection as that shown in FIG. 8(a), while FIG. 9(b) illustrates thesignal waveforms when the light spot moves in the opposite direction. Inthe figure, the numerals 79 through 82 denote the signal waveforms ofthe signals 36 to 39 depicted in FIG. 6, respectively. A waveform 83corresponds to the Q-output signal 40 of the flip-flop 47; a waveform 84the Q-output signal 41 of the flip-flop 48; a waveform 85 the outputsignal 42 of the AND circuit 49; a waveform 86 the output signal 43 ofthe AND circuit 50; a waveform 87 the output signal 44 of the ANDcircuit 51; and a waveform 88 the output signal 45 of the AND circuit52. A waveform 89 indicates the output signal 46, depicted in FIG. 5, ofthe direction detecting circuit 16 which logically adds theabove-described four signals 42 through 44. This output signal 46assumes the "high" level in FIG. 9(a), whereas the output signal 46assumes the "low" level in FIG. 9(b). Hence, it follows that the movingdirection of the light spot with respect to the tracks can be detectedfrom the signal level of the output signal 46.

The speed detecting circuit 15 of FIG. 5 obtains the moving velocity ofthe light head by dividing a numerical value of 4×track pitch (1.5 μm)by a value representing the period for which each of the signalwaveforms 75 through 78 of FIG. 8 is at the "high" level. The prior artoptical disc enables detection of the velocity of the optical head forevery 16 tracks. In contrast with this, it is practical to detect thevelocity for every four tracks in the first embodiment. Accordingly, thedead time of the speed detecting circuit can be reduced, therebyenhancing the stability of an associated speed control system. The factthat the track count can be performed for every four tracks ensures amore careful count of the number of tracks. Although the speed detectingcircuit 15 essentially performs the function of detecting the magnitudeof the velocity at which the optical head moves, it is possible toprevent the speed control system from going into a positive feedbackstate by combining the direction detecting circuit 16 with the speeddetection circuit. In FIG. 5, the output of the direction detectingcircuit 16 is arranged to be at the "high" level when the light spot,viz., the optical head 12, moves in the outer direction, but the outputof the direction detecting circuit 16 is arranged to assume the "low"level when the light spot moves in the inner direction. The switch 18 ischanged over to the speed detecting circuit 15 when the output level ofthe direction detecting circuit 16 remains "high". If this output levelis "low", the switch 18 is changed over to the inverting amplifyingcircuit 17. This arrangement permits an analog signal input to a speedcontrol circuit 19 to become a signal having a directional information:when the optical head 12 travels in the outer direction, this signal ispositive; and when travelling in the inner direction, this signal isnegative. In this manner, even if the moving direction of the opticalhead is reversed during the accessing operation, the control stabilityis assured without any possibility that the speed control system will beput in the positive feedback state.

According to the optical disc in the first embodiment of FIG. 4, thedistance between the righthand pit 5 of the pair of wobbled pits and theclock pit 6 is kept constant. This distance may, however, be varied forevery one or more information tracks. Turning to FIG. 10, a modifiedform of the pit pattern structures of the optical disc in the firstembodiment is shown. In FIG. 10, the pits 1 and 5 constitute a pair ofwobbled pits. Similarly, there are also three pairs of wobbled pits 2and 5, 3 and 5, and 4 and 5. The pits 6 are identified as clock pits. Asis apparent from the figure, not only is the distance between the clockpit 6 and the lefthand pits 1 through 4 variable, but the distancebetween the righthand pit 5 and the clock pit 6 is also variable. Thetiming positions of the respective pits l to 4 are the same as thosedescribed in the first embodiment of FIG. 4. The timing positions of thepits 5 constitute three stages as indicated by e, f and g in FIG. 10. Asdescribed above, the two pits of each pair independently deviate inposition, whereby it is feasible for a predetermined pit space toaccommodate much information. In FIG. 10, eight types of servo fieldstructures A through H are shown. In the case of the structure A, thewobbled pits exist in the timing positions a and g. In the structure B,the wobbled pits exist in the timing positions a and f; in the structureC, a and c; in the structure D, b and e; in the structure E, b and f; inthe structure F, b and g; in the structure G, c and g; and in thestructure H, d and g. The track number is given as:

    I+(N -1)×2

where I=1, 2. When taking the structure A, N equals 1, 9, . . . ; in thestructure B, N equals 2, 10, . . . ; in the structure C, N equals 3, 11,. . . ; in the structure D, N equals 4, 12, . . . ; in the structure E,N equals 5, 13, . . . ; in the structure F, N equals 6, 14, . . . ; inthe structure G, N equals 7, 15, . . . ; and the structure H, N equals8, 16, . . . Namely, the servo field structures are arranged byrepeating the unit pattern AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH which is constituted by 16tracks. Because any combination of two timing positions in which thewobbled pits exist is peculiar in regard to all the servo fieldstructures A through H, when the light spot passes through the servofields, it is always possible to specify the servo filed structure onwhich the light spot is positioned. This implies that, as is obviousfrom the explanation of the aforementioned embodiment, the movingdirection of the light spot with respect to the tracks can be detected.Although the maximum detecting velocity in the modified example of FIG.10 is the same as that in the above-described embodiment of FIG. 4because of the repeated 16 tracks patterns, the dead time of the speeddetecting circuit is reduced to one-half as small as that in theembodiment of FIG. 4, and the stability of the speed control system isfurther improved, because the velocity can be detected for every twotracks. The resolving power of the track count is also doubled ascompared with that in the embodiment of FIG. 4.

It is noted that the distances between the lefthand pits 1 through 4 ofwobbled pits and the righthand pits 5 may be constant, the distancesbetween the pairs of wobbled pits and the clock pits being varied asshown in FIG. 19. In this case, since the distance between the wobbledpits is fixed, the degree of interference between the pits becomesconstant, thereby obtaining a stable tracking sensor signal.

In the optical disc in the first embodiment, there are four types ofdistances between the lefthand pit of the wobbled pits and the clockpit, and any one of these distances appears for four contiguousinformation tracks. However, the distances between the lefthand pit ofthe wobbled pits and the clock pit may be changed at three stages ormore to enable the directional detection to be achieved. The number ofinformation tracks which have the same distance between the wobbled pitand the clock pit may be any arbitrary number equal to one or more. Thelower such a number is, the more the dead time of the speed directiondiminishes, whereby a more elaborate track count can be achieved.

In the first embodiment, the entire optical head is driven for access.However, the present invention can be applied to a separation typeoptical head in which only a portion of the optical head is driven foraccess.

The present invention can further be applied to a write-once typeoptical disc, an erasable type optical disc including a photo magneticdisc or a read-only type optical disc including a compact disc.

FIG. 11 illustrates another example of an apparatus for driving theoptical disc shown in FIG. 4. Like components are given the samereference symbols as those of FIG. 5. The reproduced information readfrom the optical disc 11 is transmitted to the photodetector 13 and thepreamplifier 14 and is thereby converted into a voltage signal. Thereproduced signal which has been converted into the voltage signal issupplied to a clock extracting circuit 90 in which the positions of theclock pits are detected. The extracted clock signal is delayed by adelay circuit 91 and is then supplied to one input of a phase comparingcircuit 92. An output signal from the phase comparing circuit 92 is usedfor controlling the output frequency of a VCO 93. The main clock signal,the output from the VCO 93, is divided by 15 or 18 by means of avariable frequency dividing circuit 94. A byte clock signal, the outputfrom the variable frequency divider circuit 94, is further divided by 18by a frequency divider circuit 95. A servo clock signal, the output fromthe frequency divider circuit 95, is applied to the variable frequencycircuit 94 to change a frequency dividing ratio. Simultaneously, theservo clock signal is further applied to the other input of the phasecomparing circuit 92. The phase comparing circuit 92, the VCO 93, thevariable frequency divider circuit 94 and the frequency divider circuit95 are combined to constitute a PLL 96.

Next, the operation of the optical disc driving apparatus of FIG. 11will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the pit 5 and the clock pit 6is 20 bits, i.e. one bit longer than the conventional example shown inFIG. 2. Therefore, the present invention provides a sufficiently highreliability, even when adopting essentially the same clock extractingmethod as the prior art. In the clock extracting circuit 90, whendetecting the fact that the inter-pit distance is 20 bits, the thusdetected pit is the clock pit. The servo clock signal x regarded as oneoutput signal from the PLL 96 synchronizes with the clock signalextracted by the clock extracting circuit 90 and delayed by the delaycircuit 91. FIG. 12 shows the construction of a variable frequencydivider circuit 94 incorporated in the PLL. The variable frequencydivider circuit 94 comprises a presettable 5-bit counter 97 and aninverter 98. The main clock signal z, the output from the VCO 93, issupplied to one input terminal 99, while the servo clock signal x, theoutput from the frequency divider circuit 95, is supplied to the otherinput terminal 100. The output y from the variable frequency dividercircuit 94 is supplied from an output terminal 101 to the frequencydivider circuit 95. When the servo clock signal x at the input terminal100 assumes a "high" level, the counter 97 is preset to 14. Uponreceiving 18 pulses, the counter 97 outputs the byte clock signal y fromthe output terminal 101, and at the same time reloads the preset valuecorresponding to the level of the input terminal 100. Where the servoclock signal x remains "low", the counter 97 is preset to 17. Uponreceiving 15 pulses, the counter 97 outputs the byte clock signal y andreloads a preset value corresponding to the level of the input signal atthe terminal 100. As discussed above, only when the servo clock signal xis at the "high" level does the variable frequency divider circuit 94function to divide the frequency of the output from the VCO by 18. Ifthe input terminal 100 is kept "low", the circuit 94 divides thefrequency of the output from the VCO by 15. FIG. 13 is an illustrationof signal waveforms of the three clock signals x, y and z. The byteclock signals y are, after the servo clock signal x has been generated,generated at the moment when 18 pulses of the main clock signal 2 havebeen counted, and, subsequently, at the moment when a further 15 pulseshave been counted. The thus obtained byte clock signals y correspond tothe byte structures on the optical disc. Since the delay in the delaycircuit 91 can be so set that the timing of generating the byte clocksignal y corresponds to the sections of the byte structures, it ispossible to have the period T₁ between the first and second byte clocksignals correspond to the first servo byte, the period T₂ between thesecond and third byte clock signals to the second servo byte #2, and theperiod T₃ between the third and fourth byte clock signals to the firstbyte of the subsequent data field, whereby normal data demodulation isexecuted. The pulses for sampling the positions of the wobbled pits aregenerated when a predetermined number of the main clock signals z havebeen counted in reference to the servo clock signals x. In the servofield structures depicted in FIG. 4, three bits are added to one block,and, hence, the pit length decreases by 3/(15×18)=1.1%. However, thisamount is so small that there is no problem in practical terms. Since nomodification is made except to the clock frequency, the format of thedata fields may be the same as the conventional format. There is no dropin recording capacity either.

According to the first embodiment of FIG. 4, the wobbled pits 1 through4 are at four different positions, thereby improving the performance ofaccess. Even if the positions of the wobbled pits are set at two stagesas in the conventional example shown in FIG. 2, the reliability of theclock extraction can be enhanced by making the number of bits in thefirst servo byte #1 different from that of other bytes.

In the first embodiment of FIG. 4, the distance between the wobbled pit5 and the clock pit 6 is set at a 20-bit length. However, if thedistance is more than 20 bits, the reliability of the clock extractionis further improved. If the distance between the wobbled pit 5 and theclock pit 6 is set at an 18-bit length or a 19-bit length, the sameeffects can be obtained by making the number of bits in the first servobyte #1 greater than that of other bytes.

In accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 4, the number of bits in thefirst servo byte #1 is set to be higher than that of the second servobyte #2. However, like effects can be attained by causing the positionsof the clock pits to deviate backwards, even when the number of bits inthe second servo byte #2 exceeds that of the first servo byte #1.Furthermore, the number of bits in the servo bytes #1 and #2 mayincrease.

Referring to FIG. 14, a diagram of pit patterns of the servo fields inthe second embodiment of the optical disc according to the presentinvention is shown. Like components are indicated by the same referencesymbols as those depicted in FIG. 4. It can be observed from FIG. 14that pairs of wobbled pits 102 and 107 are provided so as to slightlydeviate upward and downward from central axes 7 through 10 of thetracks, respectively. The distance between the pit 107 and the clock pit6 serving as the clock reference for information data corresponds to thetravelling time of the light spot. Such a distance in the innerperipheral portion generally differs from that in the outer peripheralportion of the optical disc. The distance is, however, constant in FIG.14, because the tracks are arranged close to each other. The clock pits6 are disposed on the central axes of the tracks and serve as the clockreference both for the recorded information data and for generation ofsampling pulses for the wobbled pits. Intermediate pits 103 through 106are interposed between the wobbled pits 102 and 107. In FIG. 14, thesymbols a through f represent timing positions, the clock pit 6 servingas the reference for the pits 102 to 107. A servo field structure A isarranged such that the pits exist in the positions a and f; a structureB is characterized in that the pits exist in the positions a, c, d andf; in a structure C, the pits are in the positions a through f; and in astructure D, the pits are disposed in the positions a, b, e and f. Theintermediate pits 103 through 106 are placed in symmetry with respect tothe wobbled pits 102 and 107. In this case, the track number is givenby:

    I+(N -1)×4

where I=1, 2, 3, 4. In the case of the servo field structure A, N=1, 5,9, . . . ; in the structure B, N=2, 6, 10, . . . ; in the structure C,N=3, 7, 11, . . . ; and in the structure D, N=4, 8, 12, . . . Accordingto these relations, the servo field structures are arranged like this:AAAABBBBCCCCDDDDAAAA. . . . The same servo field structure continues forfour subsequent tracks, and one cycle is comprised of 16 tracks.

The pit pattern structures depicted in FIG. 14 have four different kindsof relationship between the wobbled pits and the intermediate pitsdisposed therebetween, and the same positional relationships are, asillustrated in FIG. 8, repeated for every four information tracks. Ifsuch positional relationship change in more than three stages, thedirectional detection becomes feasible. The number of information trackshaving the same positional relationship may be an arbitrary number equalto one or more. The dead time of the speed detection diminishes as thenumber of tracks decreases. In consequence, an elaborate track count isachieved.

FIG. 15 shows one example of an apparatus for driving an optical dischaving the servo field structures illustrated in FIG. 14. The onlydifference between the optical disc driving apparatus of FIG. 15 andthat depicted in FIG. 5 resides in the construction of the directiondetecting circuit, but the operation of these two driving apparatuses issubstantially the same.

FIG. 16 shows a concrete sample of a direction detecting circuit 108 inthe optical disc driving apparatus of FIG. 15. In FIG. 16, likecomponents are marked with the same reference numerals as those in FIG.6. The output signals from the sample and hold circuits 21 to 24 arecompared with the reference voltage Vref input from the input terminal35 in the comparators 31 to 34, and are then input to a pattern decisioncircuit 109. An output signal 110 from the pattern decision circuit 109is applied to a SET input of a flip-flop 47, while an output signal 112is applied to a RESET input thereof. A Q-output 140 of the flip-flop 47and an output signal 111 are input to an AND gate 49. A Q-output of theflip-flop 47 and an output signal 113 are input to an AND gate 50. Thesignal 111 is also applied to a SET input of a flip-flop 48, and anoutput signal 113 is likewise applied to a RESET input thereof. AQ-output of the flip-flop 48 and the signal 112 are input to an AND gate51. A Q-output of the flip-flop 48 and the signal 110 are input to anAND gate 52. Output signals 42 through 45 of the respective AND gates 49through 52 are input to an OR gate 53, whereby these signals are changedto the direction detecting signal 46.

The functions of the optical disc depicted in FIG. 14 and the opticaldisc driving apparatus shown in FIG. 15 will next be explained withreference to FIG. 17.

FIG. 17 illustrates both waveforms of the signals reproduced from thepits and a sampling operation. In FIG. 17, the waveforms generated whenreproducing the servo field structures A to D are indicated by solidlines 114 through 117. Broken lines 118 to 123 respectively indicate thewaveforms reproduced from imaginary independent pits 102 to 107 whichare in the positions shown in the figure with respect to the center axisof the track. The reproduced waveforms 114 to 117 are input from theinput terminal 20 shown in FIG. 16 to the sample and hold circuits 21 to24, and are subsequently samples by the sampling pulses in the timingpositions b, c, d and e. Next, the comparators 31 to 34 makescomparisons between the reference voltage Vref and the sampled analogsignals, and convert these analog signals into digital signals assuminga "high" or "low" level, which in turn are input to the pattern decisioncircuit 109. The pattern decision circuit 109 decides that the inputsignal is reproduced from the servo field structure D if the inputsignal is "high" in the timing positions b and e, but they are "low" inthe timing positions c and d. In this way, the pattern decision circuit109 performs its function of distinguishing between the servo fieldstructures. In the case of the servo field structure A, the outputsignal 110 is "high". In the case of the structure B, the output signal111 is "high". When the structure is C, the output signal 112 is "high".When the structure is D, the output signal 113 is "high". In otherwords, when the light spot moves on the servo field structure A, theoutput signal 110 assumes a "high" level, whereas other output signals111 through 113 are at a "low" level. Similarly, when the light spotmoves on the servo field structure B, only the output signal 111 is atthe "high" level. Where the light spot travels on the servo fieldstructure C, the output signal 112 alone reaches the "high" level. Whenthe light spot travels on the servo field structure D, only the outputsignal 113 comes to the "high" level. Other output signals are kept atthe "low" level.

A situation in which the light spot scans the surface of the opticaldisc having the servo field structures arrayed in the manner illustratedin FIG. 14 is the same as that in FIG. 6. The servo field structuresare, as shown on the right in FIG. 8, so arranged as to repeat thepattern AAAABBBBCCCCDDDD. Where the light spot moves in the order ofA→B→C→D, the waveforms 75 to 78 depicted in FIG. 8 correspond to thewaveforms of the output signals 110 to 113, respectively. When the lightspot travels in the order of A→B→C→D, the "high" level appears insequence from the signal 110 to the signal 113. If the light spottraverses the tracks in the order of D→C→B→A, viz., in the oppositedirection, the "high" level appears in sequence from the signal 113 tothe signal 110.

The operations of the respective components of the direction detectingcircuit of FIG. 16 will likewise be described with reference to the timecharts of FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b). The output signals 110 to 113 transmittedfrom the pattern decision circuit 109 correspond to the waveforms 79 to82 shown in FIG. 9. More specifically, the waveform 83 indicates theQ-output signal 40 of the flip-flop 47; the waveform 84 indicates theQ-output signal 41 of the flip-flop 48; the waveform 85 represents theoutput signal 42 of the AND circuit 49; the waveform 86 shows the outputsignal 43 of the AND circuit 50; the waveform 87 indicates the outputsignal 44 of the AND circuit 51; and finally the waveform 88 representsthe output signal 45 of the AND circuit 52. The waveform 89 indicatesthe output signal 46 of the direction detecting circuit 108 whichlogically adds the abovedescribed four signals 42 through 45. As can beunderstood from the above, the output of the direction detecting circuit108 comes to the "high" or "low" level in accordance with the directionin which the light spot travels, and it is therefore possible to detectthe moving direction of the light spot with respect to the tracks.

As is made clear by the description given above, the following effectsare provided. The velocity can be detected for every 4 tracks in theservo field structures shown in FIG. 14, and hence the dead time of thespeed detecting circuit can be reduced as in the case of the servo fieldstructures of FIG. 4, and the speed control system has an enhancedstability. It is also feasible to conduct the track count for every 4tracks, thereby providing an elaborate count. Additionally, the positivefeedback of the speed control system can be avoided by utilizing thespeed detecting circuit 15 in combination with the direction detectingcircuit 108. If the moving direction is reversed during the accessingoperation of the optical head, the speed control system is never broughtinto the positive feedback state, ensuring stable control.

Based on the pit pattern structures illustrated in FIG. 14, the distancebetween the wobbled pits on each information track is constant. Such adistance can, however, be changed for every one or more informationtracks. FIG. 18 shows a modified version of the pit pattern structuresof the optical disc shown in FIG. 14 Referring to FIG. 18, eight servofield structures A through H are provided. The pits 102 and 107 form apair of wobbled pits, and there is another pair of wobbled pits 103 and107. As in the embodiment of FIG. 14, the numeral 6 designates the clockpit. In FIG. 18, the symbols a through f represent the timing positionsfor the pits 102 through 107. As shown in the figure, the distancebetween the wobbled pits is varied, with the result that a given pitspace is capable of accommodating more information. In the servo fieldstructures A to D, the wobbled pits exist in the timing positions a andf, and, in the servo field structures E to H, the wobbled pits exist inthe timing positions b and f. The track number is obtained by thefollowing formula:

    I+(N -1)×2

where I=1, 2. When taking the servo field structure A, N=1, 9, . . . ;in the structure B, N=2, 10, . . . , in the structure C, N=3, 11, . . .; in the structure D, N=4, 12, . . . ; in the structure E, N=5, 13, . .. ; in the structure F, N=6, 14, . . . , in the structure G, N=7, 15, .. . ; and in the structure H, N=8, 16, . . . Consequently, the servofield structures in FIG. 18 are arrayed in the sequenceAABBCCDDEEFFGGHH. The arrangement is based on repetition of a 16-trackcycle. Combinations both of the positions in which the wobbled pitsexist and of the positions of the intermediate pits providedtherebetween are different from each other in all the servo fieldstructures A through H. As a result, it is definitely possible tospecify the servo field structure on which the light spot is positionedwhen passing through the servo fields. For this reason, it follows thatthe moving direction of the light spot with respect to the tracks can bedetected, as in the abovedescribed embodiment. In the example of FIG.18, because the 16 tracks constitute one repetitive cycle, the maximumdetection velocity is the same as that in the embodiment of FIG. 14.However, detection for every two tracks is feasible, so that the deadtime of the speed detecting circuit diminishes by one-half relative tothat in the embodiment of FIG. 14. In addition, the stability of thespeed control system is further improved. The resolving power of thetrack count is doubled as compared with that in the embodiment of FIG.14.

In the pit pattern structures illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 18, theintermediate pits disposed between the pairs of wobbled pits may bewobbled, or alternatively positioned on the central axes of the tracks.

According to the second embodiment, the intermediate pits are disposedin symmetry with respect to the pairs of wobbled pits. This arrangementaims at offsetting influences caused by the intermediate pits whenobtaining tracking sensor signals by taking a difference between thereflection signals from the wobbled pits. This arrangement is not,however, indispensable for accomplishing the objects of the presentinvention. Hence, the intermediate pits may be arranged asymmetrically.

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference tocertain embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variationsand modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical disc and apparatus for accessing theoptical disc wherein the optical disc includes a plurality ofinformation tracks, each information track having a servo fieldincluding a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit serving as a referencepit for information data,the optical disc further including at leastthree different types of servo field in a predetermined sequence, onetype for every one or more contiguous information tracks, said accessingapparatus including a movable portion of an optical head and directiondetection means for detecting the moving direction of the movableportion from the sequence of changes in the type of servo field.
 2. Anoptical disc and apparatus as set forth in claim 1, said optical dischaving a plurality of information tracks, each information track havinga servo field including a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit servingas a reference pit for information data, the optical disc furtherincluding at least three different types of servo field in apredetermined sequence, one type for every one or more contiguousinformation tracks,the distance between one of the wobbled pits and theclock pit in any one of the at least three types of servo field beingdifferent from that in the servo fields of the remaining types, and thedistance between the other of the wobbled pits and the clock pit beingidentical in all of the servo fields.
 3. An optical disc and apparatusas set forth in claim 1, said optical disc having a plurality ofinformation tracks, each information track having a servo fieldincluding a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit serving as a referencepit for information data,the optical disc further including at leastthree different types of servo field in a predetermined sequence, onetype for every one or more contiguous information tracks, a combinationof the distances between the respective wobbled pits and the clock pitin any one of the at least three types of servo field being differentfrom that in the servo fields of the remaining types.
 4. An optical discand apparatus as set forth in claim 1, said optical disc having aplurality of information tracks, each information track having a servofield including a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit serving as areference pit for information data,the optical disc further including atleast three different types of servo field in a predetermined sequence,one type for every one or more contiguous information tracks, thedistance between the wobbled pits being identical in all of the servofields, and the distance between one of the wobbled pits and the clockpit in any one of the at least three types of servo field beingdifferent from that in the servo fields of the remaining types.
 5. Anoptical disc and apparatus as set forth in any of claims 1-4 wherein thenumber of different types of servo field is four, and wherein the fourdifferent types of servo field appear in a predetermined sequence, onetype for every four contiguous information tracks.
 6. An optical discand apparatus as set forth in any of claims 1-3 wherein the number ofdifferent types of servo field is four, and wherein the four differenttypes of servo field appear in a predetermined sequence, one type forevery four contiguous information tracks; andwherein the distancebetween one of the wobbled pits and the clock pit in any of the at leastfour types of servo field is different from that in the servo fields ofthe remaining three types, and wherein the distance between the other ofthe wobbled pits and the clock pit is identical in all of the servofields.
 7. An optical disc and apparatus as set forth in any of claims1-4 wherein the number of different types of servo field is eight, andwherein the eight different types of servo field appear in apredetermined sequence, one type for every four contiguous informationtracks.
 8. An accessing apparatus for accessing an optical disc having aplurality of information tracks, each information track having a servofield including a pair of wobbled pits and a clock pit serving as areference pit for information data, the optical disc including at leastthree different types of servo fields so that different types of servofields appear in a predetermined sequence, one type for every one ormore contiguous information tracks, the apparatus comprising:a movableportion of an optical head adapted to be moved in a radial direction ofthe optical disc, the optical head for emitting a light onto the opticaldisc; photoelectric means for receiving a light reflected from saidoptical disc and converting the received light into an electricalsignal; direction detecting means for detecting the moving direction ofthe movable portion from the sequence of changes in the type of servofield by detecting the type of each of the servo fields and changes inthe type of servo field on the basis of the electrical signal from thephotoelectric converting means; speed detecting means for detecting themagnitude of relative velocity of the movable portion in the radialdirection with respect to the optical disc on the basis of theelectrical signal from the photoelectric means; and velocity controllingmeans responsive to the output signals from the direction detectingmeans and the speed detecting means for controlling the velocity of themovable portion.
 9. An accessing apparatus as set forth in claim 8wherein the direction detecting means detects the distance between atleast one of the wobbled pits and the clock pit, and the movingdirection of the movable portion from the sequence of changes in thedetected distances.
 10. An optical disc and apparatus as claimed inclaim 1, wherein each information track includes at least oneintermediate pit disposed between the wobbled pits, the positioning ofthe intermediate pit relative to the wobbled pits for one type of servofield being different from the positioning in a different type of servofield.
 11. An optical disc and apparatus as set forth in claim 10wherein the number of different types of servo field is four, andwherein the four different types of servo field appear in apredetermined sequence, each type of servo field appearing for fourcontiguous information tracks.
 12. An optical disc and apparatus as setforth in claim 10 wherein the number of different types of servo fieldis eight, and wherein the eight different types of servo field appear ina predetermined sequence, each type of servo field appearing for twocontiguous information tracks.